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排序方式: 共有103条查询结果,搜索用时 20 毫秒
61.
Mutagenicity of surface water in Lake Taihu was monitored by genotoxicological methods. The goal is to determine the situation concerning the contamination by mutagens, their distribution in the lake, and the potential effect on public health. In this study, the micronucleus test of Vicia faba root tip, a standard monitoring technique now in China, was carried out to make a preliminary screening of environmental mutagens in 39 representative sites of the lake. Highly significant differences in MCN permillage (average number of micronuclei per 1000 cells) and PI (pollution index) values were found among these sites. From the results, a rough distribution of the contamination could be obtained: mainly concentrated in the north-west area of the lake from several tributaries flowing into the lake. In order to provide further evidence, organic extracts from four entrances and one outlet of the five major tributaries were examined by the micronucleus test of human peripheral lymphocytes. The results were in accord with those of the micronucleus tests using Vicia faba. The tests also revealed that the intensity and mechanism of the pollutants were diverse in the different sources. 相似文献
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Liu Xiang-Yu Yang Xu-Feng Li Yun-Xiao Zang Han Zhang Long-Jun 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(15):15019-15027
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With rapid development of global wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), acidification and enhanced CO2 release in receiving waters caused by high-CO2... 相似文献
64.
Wei You Zengliang Zang Lifeng Zhang Yi Li Weiqi Wang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(9):8327-8338
Taking advantage of the continuous spatial coverage, satellite-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) products have been widely used to assess the spatial and temporal characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the ground and their effects on human health. However, the national-scale ground-level PM2.5 estimation is still very limited because the lack of ground PM2.5 measurements to calibrate the model in China. In this study, a national-scale geographically weighted regression (GWR) model was developed to estimate ground-level PM2.5 concentration based on satellite AODs, newly released national-wide hourly PM2.5 concentrations, and meteorological parameters. The results showed good agreements between satellite-retrieved and ground-observed PM2.5 concentration at 943 stations in China. The overall cross-validation (CV) R 2 is 0.76 and root mean squared prediction error (RMSE) is 22.26 μg/m3 for MODIS-derived AOD. The MISR-derived AOD also exhibits comparable performance with a CV R 2 and RMSE are 0.81 and 27.46 μg/m3, respectively. Annual PM2.5 concentrations retrieved either by MODIS or MISR AOD indicated that most of the residential community areas exceeded the new annual Chinese PM2.5 National Standard level 2. These results suggest that this approach is useful for estimating large-scale ground-level PM2.5 distributions especially for the regions without PMs monitoring sites. 相似文献
65.
研究了Cr(Ⅵ)在带结构正电荷的Mg-Al型类水滑石(HTlc)上的脱附性质,考察了多种脱附剂的脱附性能,研究了脱附剂种类、浓度、pH值和脱附时间等因素的影响。实验表明,脱附平衡时间比吸附平衡时间稍长,不同的脱附剂脱附效果不一样,对同一种脱附剂来说,随着脱附剂浓度的增大,脱附量增大;随着pH值的升高,脱附量总体呈上升趋势。 相似文献
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基于对高职《旅游学概论》在教学中存在的诸多问题进行的分析,结合高职旅游专业学生的特点,对教学内容、教学方法、考核方式等几方面的改革和创新进行了阐述。 相似文献
68.
研究了CuCl2在荷结构负电荷皂土上的吸附性能,考察了pH、无机以及有机添加剂等因素的影响,并结合IR和XRD实验结果探讨了吸附机理。研究表明,皂土对CuCl2有很强的吸附能力,其吸附动力学和吸附等温线分别符合准二级速率方程和Langmuir方程。初始pH增大,吸附量增加。无机以及有机添加剂均能能明显抑制吸附。Cu2+在皂土上的吸附层在微观上可分为因化学键合作用而形成的内络合层和因静电作用而形成的外络合层。 相似文献
69.
Ghosh S Zang S Mitra PS Ghimbovschi S Hoffman EP Dutta SK 《Environment international》2011,37(5):838-857
Several reports have indicated that low level of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure can adversely affect a multitude of physiological disorders and diseases in in vitro, in vivo, and as reported in epidemiological studies. This investigation is focused on the possible contribution of two most prevalent PCB congeners in vitro in developing toxicities. We used PCBs 138 and 153 at the human equivalence level as model agents to test their specificity in developing toxicities. We chose a global approach using oligonucleotide microarray technology to investigate modulated gene expression for biological effects, upon exposure of PCBs, followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), to understand the underlying consequence in developing disease and disorders. We performed in vitro studies with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), where PBMC cells were exposed to respective PCBs for 48 h. Overall, our observation on gene expression indicated that PCB produces a unique signature affecting different pathways, specific for each congener. While analyzing these data through IPA, the prominent and interesting disease and disorders were neurological disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, as well as endocrine system disorders, genetic disorders, and reproductive system disease. They showed strong resemblances with in vitro, in vivo, and in the epidemiological studies. A distinct difference was observed in renal and urological diseases, organisimal injury and abnormalities, dental disease, ophthalmic disease, and psychological disorders, which are only revealed by PCB 138 exposure, but not in PCB 153. The present study emphasizes the challenges of global gene expression in vitro and was correlated with the results of exposed human population. The microarray results give a molecular mechanistic insight and functional effects, following PCB exposure. The extent of changes in genes related to several possible mode(s) of action highlights the changes in cellular functions and signaling pathways that play major roles. In addition to understanding the pathways related to mode of action for chemicals, these data could lead to the identification of genomic signatures that could be used for screening of chemicals for their potential to cause disease and developmental disorders. 相似文献
70.
Jing Liu Benjamin R. Bunes Ling Zang Chuanyi Wang 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2018,16(2):477-505
In recent years, there has been a wide research in supported single-atom catalysts (SACs), which contain only isolated individual metal atoms dispersed on an appropriate support or coordinated with the surface atoms of the support. The SACs exhibit many fascinating characteristics including high activity, selectivity, and maximum atomic utilization. These characteristics arise from the low coordination status, quantum size effect, and the strong metal–support interaction, which have proved to be very powerful in many typical heterogeneous catalysis field including oxidation, hydrogenation, the water–gas shift reaction, methanol steam reforming, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in synthesis, characterizations, properties, and applications of SACs. 相似文献